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Product Summary
Source
Forsythia suspensa
Product Overview
PNExo™ Exosome Series (Exosomes isolated from Herbages) are nanosized (30-150 nm) membrane vesicles extracted from a diverse range of herbaceous plants, rich in bioactive molecules and proteins. These naturally derived nanoparticles contain a variety of bioactive molecules and proteins, which have been proven to offer numerous benefits in skincare, drug delivery, and biomedicine. Herbage exosomes, with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, have become an attractive option for the development of innovative therapies. PNExo™ is dedicated to the production and delivery of high-quality herbage-derived exosome products. Our products undergo a rigorous screening and purification process to ensure their high purity and activity. We can provide both lyophilized powder and frozen liquid according to customer requirements. Lyophilized powder is beneficial for long-term storage at 4°C, while frozen liquid should be maintained at temperatures between -20°C and -80°C. Ultracentrifugation, PEG precipitation, and Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) technology are utilized for the isolation and production of exosomes, ensuring the highest quality and purity. Creative Biostructure PNExo™ exosome products guarantee higher purity and quality, and we can provide exosome GMP production and CDMO services to meet our customers' research and production needs.
Form
Lyophilized powder / Frozen Liquid
Concentration
> 1x10^10 particles
Storage
Lyophilized powder store at 4 °C. Frozen liquid store at -20°C to -80°C. Recommended to avoid repeated freeze-and-thaw cycles.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute lyophilized exosome by adding deionized water for a desired final concentration. Centrifuge before opening to ensure exosomes are at bottom, resuspend exosomes by pipetting and/or vortex, please avoid bubbles. Centrifuge again and mix well for using.
Efficacy
Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, Brightening, Anti-aging
Scientific Background
Active Components and Effects of Forsythia suspensa
Forsythia suspensa, a plant widely used in traditional Asian medicinal systems, is a Chinese herbal medicine. Its complex chemical composition and broad spectrum of biological activities have been a focal point of modern scientific research. Extensive scientific literature is dedicated to analyzing the various bioactive components contained in Forsythia suspensa and their observed effects in different models. The main categories of active components that have garnered research attention include:
- Phenylethanoid Glycosides: This represents a significant class of active components in Forsythia suspensa, typified by Forsythoside A and Forsythiaside. Studies indicate that these compounds have demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential antibacterial activities in in vitrol and animal models.
- Lignans: Including compounds such as Phillyrin and Pinoresinol. Research exploration suggests that these compounds may possess antiviral, immunomodulatory, and exhibit potential anti-tumor effects in certain cancer cell lines.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoid compounds, such as Rutin, have also been detected in Forsythia suspensa. These are generally associated with free radical scavenging, mitigating oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory activity.
- Triterpenoids: Research has identified pentacyclic triterpenoids of the oleanane type in Forsythia suspensa. In animal model studies, these compounds have been observed to be involved in liver protection and the improvement of symptoms in experimental ulcerative colitis.
- Volatile Oils: The volatile oil components of Forsythia suspensa, such as α-Pinene and β-Pinene, have shown inhibitory effects against various bacteria and viruses under laboratory conditions.
What Are Forsythia suspensa-Derived Exosomes?
Plant-derived nanovesicles, particularly exosomes, are a growing area of scientific interest. These are nanoscale (30-150 nm) membrane vesicles released by plant cells, carrying various biomolecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They are being explored for potential roles in intercellular communication. Forsythia suspensa-derived exosomes are nanovesicles originating from F. suspensa plant tissue and are expected to contain the plant's bioactive substances. As research into plant exosomes is still nascent, the precise composition and biological functions of Forsythia suspensa exosomes remain areas requiring further scientific exploration.
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Antibacterial Mechanism of Forsythia suspensa Leaf Extract. (Zhou M, et al., 2022)
Potential Research Applications of Forsythia suspensa Exosomes
Building upon the research foundation of Forsythia suspensa's known bioactive components and the general understanding of exosomes as biological carriers, research is exploring several potential application directions for Forsythia suspensa exosomes, primarily focusing on the following scientific fields:
Forsythia suspensa Exosomes for Targeted Biomolecule Delivery
Due to their nanoscale size and membrane structure, plant exosomes (including Forsythia suspensa exosomes) are being investigated as a novel type of natural carrier for delivering specific bioactive molecules, such as small molecule compounds, nucleic acids, or proteins. This exploration aims to understand their potential for applications in cell biology and pharmacological research.
Forsythia Exosomes in Intercellular Signaling Studies
Researchers are exploring whether plant exosomes participate in the internal transport of substances and signal transmission within plants or between plant cells. There is also research interest in whether they might play a role in cross-species interactions, such as those between plant and mammalian cells.
Basic Biological Effect Research
Based on existing studies of Forsythia suspensa active components, the substances potentially carried by Forsythia suspensa exosomes themselves may possess potential biological effects, such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. Scientists are conducting in vitro cell experiments or using simple biological models to evaluate whether these nanovesicles exhibit similar activities, providing insights for further mechanistic studies.
Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Research
As naturally derived nanoparticles, Forsythia suspensa exosomes are also attracting research interest for their potential application as biocompatible materials or within the field of nanotechnology.
References
- Sung Y Y, Yoon T, Jang S, et al. Forsythia suspensa suppresses house dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. PloS one. 2016, 11(12): e0167687. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167687
- Dong Z, Lu X, Tong X, et al. Forsythiae fructus: A review on its phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Molecules. 2017, 22(9): 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091466
- Zhou M, Huo J, Wang C,et al. UPLC/Q-TOF MS screening and identification of antibacterial compounds in Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl leaves. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022, 12: 704260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.704260
- Chao L, Lin J, Zhou J,et al. Polyphenol rich Forsythia suspensa extract alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice through the Nrf2-NLRP3 pathway. Antioxidants. 2022, 11(3): 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030475
Case Study
Case Study 1: Research on Forsythia suspensa Extract in Atopic Dermatitis Models (Sung Y Y, 2016)
A research study investigated the effects of an ethanol extract derived from Forsythia suspensa fruits on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like symptoms induced by house dust mite extract in a mouse model. Topical application of the Forsythia suspensa extract was observed to reduce AD-like symptoms, including decreased dermatitis severity, ear thickness, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The extract also suppressed key serum inflammatory markers like IgE, TNF-α, and histamine and regulated inflammatory mediator expression in mouse tissue. Furthermore, the extract inhibited chemokine production in human keratinocytes in vitro, an effect linked to key compounds identified in the extract, such as forsythiaside and phillyrin. These findings regarding the biological activities of Forsythia suspensa extract provide a basis for exploring the potential of Forsythia suspensa-derived exosomes as natural nanocarriers containing similar bioactive components.
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Figure 1. Forsythia suspensa Extract Alleviates DfE-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. (A) Dermatitis severity score. (B) Fold change from peak score (day 11). (C) Ear thickness. FSE reduced Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE)-induced dermatitis symptoms.-3.png)
Figure 2. Forsythia suspensa Extract Reduces Inflammation and Immune Cell Infiltration in NC/Nga Mice. (A) Back skin and ear tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). (B) Histopathological inflammation scoring. (C) Quantification of eosinophils in stained sections. Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) significantly decreased immune cell infiltration in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE)-induced dermatitis.References
- Sung Y Y, Yoon T, Jang S, et al. Forsythia suspensa suppresses house dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. PloS one. 2016, 11(12): e0167687. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167687
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