Exosome Immunomodulation and Inflammation Assays

Our Exosome Immunomodulation and Inflammation Service Portfolio

We provide a focused suite of assays to dissect the precise immunomodulatory function of your exosome preparations.

Macrophage Polarization and Function Assays

Macrophages are highly plastic and central to the inflammatory response. We assess the ability of your exosomes to polarize M0 macrophages toward either a pro-inflammatory (M1) or an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving (M2) phenotype. This is a critical assay for researchers targeting macrophage immunomodulation by exosomes.

• Key Readouts:
  • Phenotypic Analysis (Flow Cytometry): Quantification of M1 surface markers (e.g., CD80, CD86) and M2 markers (e.g., CD206, CD163).
  • Gene Expression (RT-qPCR): Measurement of M1-related genes (e.g., TNF-α, iNOS) and M2-related genes (e.g., Arg1, IL-10).
  • Functional Analysis: Phagocytosis assays to determine the functional capacity of polarized macrophages.

T-Cell Activation and Proliferation Assays

We evaluate the direct impact of your exosomes on T-cell function, a cornerstone of the adaptive immune response.

• Key Readouts:
  • Proliferation Assays (e.g., CFSE): We measure the rate of T-cell division in response to exosome treatment.
  • Activation Markers (Flow Cytometry): Quantification of early (e.g., CD69) and late (e.g., CD25) activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets.
  • Exhaustion Markers: Analysis of PD-1, TIM-3, and Lag-3 expression for oncology or chronic inflammation models.

Cytokine Release Assays (Inflammation Panel)

This service provides a broad or focused snapshot of the soluble factors secreted by immune cells (like PBMCs or macrophages) after exosome stimulation. We can detect and quantify dozens of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors simultaneously.

• Key Applications:
  • Detecting pro-inflammatory exosomes inflammation profiles (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β).
  • Identifying anti-inflammatory or regenerative profiles (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β).
  • Screening for potential "cytokine storm" risks in therapeutic candidates.
• Technology: Multiplex platforms (e.g., Luminex) or targeted ELISA.

Neutrophil Function Assays

Beyond macrophages, we offer specialized assays for neutrophils. We can measure the ability of your exosomes to induce or inhibit the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), a critical process in acute inflammation and autoimmune disease.

• Key Readouts: Quantification of extracellular DNA (e.g., Sytox Green) or specific NET-associated proteins (e.g., Citrullinated Histone H3) via fluorescence microscopy or plate-based assays.

Advanced iPSC-Derived Immune Cell Models

For highly relevant, patient-specific data, we support human ipsc exosome in vitro study. We can differentiate iPSCs into various immune cell types, providing a renewable and physiologically relevant alternative to primary cells.

• Available Models:
  • iPSC-derived Macrophages (iPSC-M)
  • iPSC-derived Microglia (iPSC-MG)
  • iPSC-derived T-Cells

Preclinical Research Support (In Vivo Next Steps)

To validate the immunomodulatory effects observed in your in vitro assays, the next crucial step is demonstrating functional efficacy in preclinical animal models. Confirm whether your exosomes can effectively reduce inflammation (e.g., lower pro-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis models) or modulate immune cell responses (e.g., alter macrophage polarization in inflamed tissues) in vivo.

For detailed in vivo study designs, models, and functional readouts, please see our dedicated In Vivo Exosome Functional Assays.